关于咖啡的幽默英语故事
- 作者: OLDSUMMER大海
- 来源: 数月亮
- 2021-08-09
起源
Coffee is a brewed beverage prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of "coffee cherries" that grow on trees in over 70 countries. It has been said that green coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world behind crude oil.Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans. Today, coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide.
It is thought that the energizing effect of the coffee bean plant was first recognized in the south west of Ethiopia, and the cultivation of coffee expanded in the Arab world.The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the fifteenth century, in the Sufi monasteries of the Yemen in southern Arabia. From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas.
Coffee berries, which contain the coffee bean, are produced by several species of small evergreen bush of the genus Coffea. The two most commonly grown species are Coffea canephora (also known as Coffea robusta) and Coffea arabica; less popular species are liberica, excelsa, stenophylla, mauritiana, racemosa. These are cultivated primarily in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. The seeds are then roasted, undergoing several physical and chemical changes. They are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavour. They are then ground and brewed to create coffee. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways.
Coffee has played an important role in many societies throughout history. In Africa and Yemen, it was used in religious ceremonies. As a result, the Ethiopian Church banned its secular consumption until the reign of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia.It was banned in Ottoman Turkey in the 17th century for political reasons,and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe.
Coffee is an important export commodity. In 2004, coffee was the top agricultural export for 12 countries, and in 2005, it was the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value.
Some controversy is associated with coffee cultivation and its impact on the environment. Many studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and certain medical conditions; whether the overall effects of coffee are positive or negative is still disputed.
The term coffee was introduced to Europe by the Ottoman Turkish kahve, which is, in turn, derived from the Arabic: ?????, qahweh.The origin of the Arabic term is derived either from the name of the Kaffa region in western Ethiopia, where coffee was cultivated, or by a truncation of qahwat al-būnn, meaning "wine of the bean" in Arabic. The English word coffee first came to be used in the early to mid-1600s, but early forms of the word date to the last decade of the 1500s. In Ethiopia's neighbor Eritrea, "būnn" (also meaning "wine of the bean" in Tigrinya) is used. The Amharic and Afan Oromo name for coffee is bunna.
品种
Americano: A single shot of espresso with about 7 ounces of hot water added to the mix. The name for this coffee drink stemmed from an insult to ‘uncouth’ Americans who weren’t up to drinking full espressos.
A Shot in the Dark: See ‘Hammerhead’.
Black coffee: A drip brew, percolated or French press style coffee served straight, with no milk.
Cafe au Lait: Similar to Caffe Latte, except that an au lait is made with brewed coffee instead of espresso. Additionally, the ratio of milk to coffee is 1:1, making for a much less intense taste.
Cafe Breva: A cappuccino made with half and half milk, instead of whole milk. The theory is that the mix gives a richer, creamier flavor. You should be aware, before trying this for yourself, that half and half is much harder to foam.
Caffe Latte: Essentially, a single shot of espresso in steamed (not frothed) milk. The ratio of milk to coffee should be about 3:1, but you should be aware that latte in Italian means ‘milk’, so be careful ordering one when in Rome.
Cafe Macchiato: A shot of espresso with steamed milk added. The ratio of coffee to milk is approximately 4:1.
Cappuccino: Usually equal parts espresso, steamed milk, and frothed milk, often with cinnamon or flaked chocolate sprinkled on top. Some coffee shops will add more milk than that so that the customer will get a bigger drink out of the deal, but that makes the coffee itself far weaker. Click here for how to make Cappuccino
Double, or Double Shot: Just as it sounds, this is two shots of espresso mixed in with the regular amount of additional ingredients. So, for example, if you were going to make a double hammerhead, you would put two shots of espresso into a coffee cup, and fill it with the drip blend, rather than the usual single espresso shot.
Dry Cappuccino: A regular cappuccino, only with a smaller amount of foam, and no steamed milk at all.
Espresso Con Panna: Your basic standard espresso with a shot of whipped cream on top.
Flavored coffee: A very much ethnic tradition, syrups, flavorings, and/or spices are added to give the coffee a tinge of something else. Chocolate is the most common additive, either sprinkled on top or added in syrup form, while other favorites include cinnamon, nutmeg, and Italian syrups.
Frappe: A big favorite in parts of Europe and Latin America, especially during the summer months. Originally a cold espresso, it has more recently been prepared putting 1-2 teaspoons of instant coffee with sugar, water and ice. The brew is placed in a long glass with ice, and milk if you like, turning it into a big coffee milkshake.
Greek Coffee: See Turkish Coffee.
Hammerhead: A real caffeine fix, this drink consists of a shot of espresso in a regular-sized coffee cup, which is then filled with drip coffee. Also known as a Shot in the Dark, although many cafes rename the drink further to suit their own needs.
Iced coffee: A regular coffee served with ice, and sometimes milk and sugar.
Indian (Madras) filter coffee: A common brew in the south of India, Indian filter coffee is made from rough ground, dark-roasted coffee Arabica or Peaberry beans. It’s drip-brewed for several hours in a traditional metal coffee filter before being served. The ratio of coffee to milk is usually 3:1.
Instant coffee (or soluble coffee): These grounds have usually been freeze-dried and turned into soluble powder or coffee granules. Basically, instant coffee is for those that prefer speed and convenience over quality. Though some prefer instant coffee to the real thing, there’s just no accounting for taste.
Irish coffee: A coffee spiked with Irish whiskey, with cream on top. An alcoholic beverage that’s best kept clear of the kids, but warms you up plenty on a cold winter night.
Kopi Tubruk: An Indonesian-style coffee that is very similar to Turkish and Greek in that it’s very thick, but the coarse coffee grounds are actually boiled together with a solid piece of sugar. The islands of Java and Bali tend to drink this brew.
Lungo: One for the aficionados, this is an extra long pull that allows somewhere around twice as much water as normal to pass through the coffee grounds usually used for a single shot of espresso. In technical terms, it’s a 2-3 ounce shot.
Macchiato: (See Cafe Macchiato)
Melya: A coffee mixed with 1 teaspoon of unsweetened powdered cocoa and drizzled honey. Sometimes served with cream.
Mocha: This popular drink is basically a Cappuccino or Latte with chocolate syrup added to the mix. Sweeter, not as intense in coffee flavor, and a good ‘gateway’ coffee for those who don’t usually do the caffeine thing.
Oliang/Oleng: A stronger version of Thai coffee, Oliang is a blend of coffee and other ingredients such as corn, soy beans, and sesame seeds. Traditionally brewed with a “tung tom kah fe”, or a metal ring with a handle and a muslin-like cloth bag attached.
Ristretto: The opposite of a Lungo, the name of this variety of coffee means ‘restricted’, which means less water is pushed through the coffee grounds than normal, even though the shot would take the same amount of time as normal for the coffee maker to pull. If you want to get technical, it’s about a 0.75 ounce pull.
Soluble Coffee: See Instant Coffee.
Turkish Coffee (also known as Greek Coffee): Made by boiling finely ground coffee and water together to form a muddy, thick coffee mix. In fact, the strongest Turkish coffee can almost keep a spoon standing upright. It’s often made in what’s known as an Ibrik, a long-handled, open, brass or copper pot. It is then poured, unfiltered, into tiny Demitasse cups, with the fine grounds included. It’s then left to settle for a while before serving, with sugar and spices often added to the cup.
Vietnamese style coffee: A drink made by dripping hot water though a metal mesh, with the intense brew then poured over ice and sweetened, condensed milk. This process uses a lot more coffee grounds and is thus a lot slower than most kinds of brewing.
White coffee: A black coffee with milk added.
希望对你有用哦32313133353236313431303231363533e59b9ee7ad9431333239303934,O(∩_∩)O~
咖啡的历史
“咖啡”(Coffee)(一词源自埃塞俄比亚的一个名叫卡法（kaffa)的小镇,而在希腊语中“Kaweh”，意思是“力量与热情”。茶叶与咖啡、可可并称为世界三大饮料。咖啡树是属茜草科常绿小乔木，日常饮用的咖啡是用咖啡豆配合各种不同的烹煮器具制作出来的，而咖啡豆就是指咖啡树果实内之果仁，再用适当的烘焙方法烘焙而成。
古代中国有神农氏尝百草，并一一加以记录整理，使后人对许多植物能有系统的认识。西方世界没有神农氏这样的人，更没有留下什么有文字的记录，因此关于咖啡的起源有种种不同的传说。其中，最普遍且为大众所乐道的是牧羊人的故事。传说有一位牧羊人，在牧羊的时候，偶然发现他的羊蹦蹦跳跳手舞足蹈，仔细一看，原来羊是吃了一种红色的果子才导致举止滑稽怪异。他试着采了一些这种红果子回去熬煮，没想到满室芳香，熬成的汁液喝下以后更是精神振奋，神清气爽，从此，这种果实就被作为一种提神醒脑的饮料，且颇受好评。
古时候的阿拉伯人最早把咖啡豆晒干熬煮后，把汁液当作胃药来喝，认为可以有助消化。后来发现咖啡还有提神醒脑的作用，同时由于回教严禁教徒饮酒，因而就用咖啡取代酒精饮料，作为提神的饮料而时常饮用。十五世纪以后，到圣地麦加朝圣的回教徒陆续将咖啡带回居住地，使咖啡渐渐流传到埃及、叙利亚、伊朗和土尔其等国。咖啡进入欧陆当归因于土耳其当时的鄂图曼帝国，由于嗜饮咖啡的鄂图曼大军西征欧陆且在当地驻扎数年之久，在大军最后撤离时，留下了包括咖啡豆在内的大批补给品，维也纳和巴黎的人们得以凭着这些咖啡豆，和由土耳其人那里得到的烹制经验，而发展出欧洲的咖啡文化。战争原是攻占和毁灭，却意外地带来了文化的交流乃至融合，这可是统治者们所始料未及的了。
西方人都熟知咖啡有三百年的历史，然而在东方，咖啡在更久远前的年代已作为一种饮料在社会各阶层普及。咖啡出现的最早且最确切的时间是公元前8世纪，但是早在荷马的作品（希腊诗人，生卒年有争论，一较权威说法是生于公元前744年---译者注）和许多古老的阿拉伯传奇里，就已记述了一种神奇的，色黑，味苦涩，且具有强烈刺激力量的饮料。公元10世纪前后，阿维森纳（Avicenna, 980-1037，古代伊斯兰世界最杰出的集大成者之一，是哲学家，医生，理论家等---译者注）在用咖啡当作药物治疗疾病。还有一个源自15世纪的奇特故事，传说一个也门牧羊人看见一群山羊从一丛灌木上衔落色泽微红的浆果，很快这些山羊变得焦躁不安，兴奋不已，这个牧羊人把这件事报告给了一位修道士（在中东和西方古时修道士是掌握知识的上层阶级---译者注）， 这位修道士将一些浆果煮熟，然后提炼出一种味苦，劲足的，能驱赶困倦和睡意的饮料。
虽然咖啡是在中东被发现，但是咖啡树最早源于非洲一个现属埃塞俄比亚的地区，叫Kaffa， 从这里咖啡传向也门，阿拉伯半岛和埃及，正是在埃及，咖啡的发展异常迅猛，并很快流行进入人们的日常生活。
到16世纪时，早期的商人已在欧洲贩卖咖啡，由此将咖啡作为一种新型饮料引进西方的风俗和生活。绝大部分出口到欧洲市场的咖啡来自亚历山大港和士麦那（土耳其西部港市---译者注），但是随着市场需求的日益增长，进出口港口强加的高额关税，以及人们对咖啡树种植领域知识的增强，使得经销商和科学家开始试验把咖啡移植到其他国家。荷兰人在他们的海外殖民地（巴达维亚和爪哇，〈巴达维亚即现印尼首都雅加达的旧称---译者注〉），法国人1723年在马提尼克岛（位于拉丁美洲），以及随后又在安的列斯群岛（位于西印度群岛---译者注）都移植了咖啡树；后来英国人，西班牙人和葡萄牙人开始侵占亚洲和美洲热带咖啡种植区。
1727年巴西北部开始了咖啡种植，然而糟糕的气候条件使得这种作物种植逐渐转移到了其他区域，最初是里约热内卢，最后到了圣保罗和米纳斯洲（大约1800-1850期间），在这里咖啡找到了它最理想的生长环境。咖啡种植在这里发展壮大，直到成为巴西最重要的经济来源。
正是在1740到1850期间咖啡种植在中南美洲达到了它的普及之最。
虽然咖啡诞生于非洲，但是种植和家庭消费却相对来说是近代才引进的。实际上，正是欧洲人让咖啡重返故地，将其引进他们的殖民地，在那里，由于有利的土地和气候条件，咖啡才得以兴旺繁荣。
[编辑本段]咖啡的主要成分
咖啡因：有特别强烈的苦味，刺激中枢神经系统、心脏和呼吸系统。适量的咖啡因亦可减轻肌肉疲劳，促进消化液分泌。由于它会促进肾脏机能，有利尿作用，帮助体内将多余的钠离子排出体外。但摄取过多会导致咖啡因中毒。
丹宁酸：煮沸后的丹宁酸会分解成焦梧酸，所以冲泡过久的咖啡味道会变差。
脂肪：其中最主要的是酸性脂肪及挥发性脂肪。
酸性脂肪：即脂肪中含有酸，其强弱会因咖啡种类不同而异。
挥发性脂肪：是咖啡香气主要来源，它是一种会散发出约四十种芳香物质。
蛋白质：卡路里的主要来源，所占比例并不高。咖啡末的蛋白质在煮咖啡时，多半不会溶出来，所以摄取到的有限。
糖：咖啡生豆所含的糖分约8%，经过烘焙后大部分糖分会转化成焦糖，使咖啡形成褐色，并与丹宁酸互相结合产生甜味。
纤维：生豆的纤维烘焙后会炭化，与焦糖互相结合便形成咖啡的色调。
矿物质：含有少量石灰、铁质、磷、碳酸钠等。
咖啡营养成分表
每100克咖啡豆中含水分2.2克、蛋白质12.6克、脂肪 16克、糖类46.7克、纤维素9克、灰分4.2克、钙120毫克、磷170毫克、铁42毫克、钠3毫克、维生素B2 0.12克、烟酸3.5毫克、咖啡因1.3 克、单宁 8 克。而每 100 克咖啡浸出液含水分 99.5 克、蛋白质 0.2 克、脂肪0.1克、灰分0.1克、糖类微量、钙3 毫克、磷 4 毫克、钠 2 毫克、维生素 B2 0.01 毫克、烟酸 0.3 毫克。把10克咖啡溶于热水中、咖啡因含量为0.04克、单宁含量为 0.06 克。
[编辑本段]品种
蓝 山
蓝山咖啡是较受一般大众欢迎的咖啡，产于中美洲牙买加、西印度群岛，拥有香醇、苦中略带甘甜、柔润顺口的特性，而且稍微带有酸味，能让味觉感官更为灵敏，品尝出其独特的滋味，是为咖啡之极品。
曼 特 宁
盛产於印尼的苏门达腊，当地的特殊地质与气候培养出独有的特性，具有相当浓郁厚实的香醇风味，并且带有较为明显的苦味与碳烧味，苦、甘味更是特佳，风韵独具。
摩 卡
摩卡咖啡产於伊索比亚，此品种的豆子较小而香气甚浓，拥有独特的酸味和柑橘的清香气息，更为芳香迷人，而且甘醇中带有令人陶醉的丰润余味，独特的香气以及柔和的酸、甘味。
巴 西
从盛产咖啡豆的巴西精选的极品，口感中带有较浓的酸味，配合咖啡的甘苦味，入口极为滑顺，而且又带有淡淡的青草芳香，在清香略带苦味，甘滑顺口，余味能令人舒活畅快。
山多士
属于巴西咖啡中的极品，以巴西山圣保罗州多士港口命名的咖啡，其咖啡豆粒大，香味高，有适度的苦味，亦有高品质的酸度，总体口感柔和，淡美和地酸度，若仔细品尝回味无穷。
肯 亚
是出自於品质较高的阿拉比卡种，而阿拉比卡也是台湾咖啡的种类之一，味道更为香醇浓烈而厚实，并且带有较为明显的酸味，抓住许多喜爱这种特性的咖啡迷，也是德国人的最爱。
阴 干
它与一般咖啡不同的是阴干在水洗后，是采用自然烘乾法，在自然的状态下烘乾6个月，之后再经过一些手续，与一般咖啡豆的处理方式不同，而阴干属於中焙程度的豆子，它所含有的咖啡因少 。
那 加 雪 飞
是属於顶级摩卡，而名字是用英文直接译成。
牙 买 加
是蓝山中较高级的豆子。
曼 巴
结合曼特宁及巴西咖啡特有的风味，味道丰厚浓郁，而且还有淡淡的清香，曼特宁与巴西的组合，两者互相柔和在一起，是个不错的组合。
曼 蓝
是由曼特宁和蓝山大多以1：1的比例混合而成，当曼特宁的苦味遇上了蓝山的微酸，两者相互中和，香味更是香醇。
拿 铁
意大利浓缩咖啡加入高浓度的热牛奶与泡沫鲜奶，保留淡淡的咖啡香气与甘味，散发浓郁迷人的鲜奶香，入口滑润而顺畅，是许多女生的最爱。
意式卡布其诺
将浓醇的意大利浓缩咖啡混合细致香鲜的泡沫鲜奶与香滑可口的巧克力粉，充分调和的柔顺口感与迷人的香气，加上优雅的卡布奇诺咖啡装饰，突显个人品味。
摩卡
巧克力咖啡意大利浓缩咖啡加入巧克力、泡沫鲜奶、糖浆、可可粉，浓郁的
咖啡及巧克力香气扑鼻，而且甜味与咖啡中和，顺口而不腻，是适合大众的口味。
爱尔兰咖啡
把风味独到的特制 Espresso 佐以威士忌、糖和鲜奶油，让Espresso的香浓被威士忌提升得更为明显，并与鲜奶油调和出香滑顺口、甘苦适中的滋味。
玛琪雅朵
在意大利浓缩咖啡中，不加鲜奶油、牛奶，只要在咖啡上添加两大匙绵密细软的奶泡，如此就是一杯玛琪雅朵。
康宝兰
属意大利式的维也纳咖啡。搅拌奶油既可以搅和在咖啡里，也可以当作小点心另外上，供宾客边吃边饮。后来，用加压方式煮咖啡后，便改称“搅拌奶油配浓咖啡”。
[编辑本段]饮用禁忌
1.铁剂不宜与茶、牛奶、咖啡同服。因牛奶含磷高，可影响铁的吸收。茶和咖啡中的鞣酸可使铁的吸收减少75%。宜用温开水送服。
2.茶叶和咖啡中的单宁酸，会让钙吸收降低。所以，喝茶和喝咖啡的时间，最好是选在两餐当中。
3.含咖啡因的饮料和食品，被孕妇大量饮用后，会出现恶心、呕吐、头痛、心跳加快等症状。咖啡因还会通过胎盘进入胎儿体内，影响胎儿发育。
4.不少医生认为,孕妇每天喝1~2杯(每杯6~8盎司)咖啡、茶或碳酸类饮料,不会对胎儿造成影响。但为慎重起见,孕妇最好禁用。咖啡因可导致流产率上升,所以应喝不含咖啡因的饮料。
5.想减肥的人不要多饮咖啡。常见的咖啡伴侣中含有较多的奶类、糖类和脂肪，咖啡本身可能刺激胃液分泌，增进食物消化和吸收，不但不能瘦腰，还会使人发胖。
6.儿童不宜喝咖啡。咖啡因可以兴奋儿童中枢神经系统,干扰儿童的记忆,造成儿童多动症。
7.浓茶、咖啡、含碳酸盐的饮料也是形成消化道溃疡病的危险因子。
8.紧张时添乱 咖啡因有助于提高警觉性、灵敏性、记忆力及集中力。但饮用超过比你平常所习惯饮用量的咖啡，就会产生类似食用相同剂量的兴奋剂，会造成神经过敏。对于倾向焦虑失调的人而言，咖啡因会导致手心冒汗、心悸、耳鸣这些症状更加恶化。
9.加剧高血压 咖啡因因为本身具有的止痛作用，常与其他简单的止痛剂合成复方，但是，长期大量服用，如果你本身已有高血压时，使用大量咖啡因只会使你的情况更为严重。因为光是咖啡因就能使血压上升，若再加上情绪紧张，就会产生危险性的相乘效果，因此，高血压的危险人群尤其应避免在工作压力大的时候喝含咖啡因的饮料。有些常年有喝咖啡习惯的人，以为他们对咖啡因的效果已经免疫，然而事实并非如此，一项研究显示，喝一杯咖啡后，血压升高的时间可长达12小时。
10.诱发骨质疏松 咖啡因本身具有很好的利尿效果，如果长期且大量喝咖啡，容易造成骨质流失，对骨量的保存会有不利的影响，对于妇女来说，可能会增加骨质疏松的威胁。但前提是，平时食物中本来就缺乏摄取足够的钙，或是不经常动的人，加上更年期后的女性，因缺少雌激素造成的钙质流失，以上这些情况再加上大量的咖啡因，才可能对骨造成威胁。如果能够按照合理的量来享受，你还是可以做到不因噎废食的。
[编辑本段]喝咖啡的好处
1.咖啡含有一定的营养成分。咖啡的烟碱酸含有维他命B，烘焙后的咖啡豆含量更高。并且有游离脂肪酸、咖啡因、单宁酸等。
2.咖啡对皮肤有益处。咖啡可以促进代谢机能，活络消化器官，对便秘有很大功效。使用咖啡粉洗澡是一种温热疗法，有减肥的作用。
3.咖啡有解酒的功能。酒后喝咖啡，将使由酒精转变而来的乙醛快速氧化，分解成水和二氧化碳而排出体外。
4.咖啡可以消除疲劳。要消除疲劳，必须补充营养、休息与睡眠、促进代谢功能，而咖啡则具有这些功能。
5.一日三杯咖啡可预防胆结石。对于含咖啡因的咖啡，能刺激胆囊收缩，并减少胆汁内容易形成胆结石的胆固醇，最新美国哈佛大学研究人员发现，每天喝两到三杯咖啡的男性，得胆结石的机率低于40%。
6.常喝咖啡可防止放射线伤害。放射线伤害尤其是电器的辐射已成为目前较突出的一种污染。印度笆巴原子研究人员在老鼠实验中得到这一结论，并表示可以应用到人类。
7.咖啡的保健医疗功能。咖啡具有抗氧化及护心、强筋骨、利腰膝、开胃促食、消脂消积、利窍除湿、活血化淤、息风止痉等作用。
8.咖啡对情绪的影响力。实验表明，一般人一天吸收300毫克（约3杯煮泡咖啡）的咖啡因，对一个人的机警和情绪会带来良好的影响。
[编辑本段]关于咖啡的常用词
风味【Flavor】：对香气、酸度、与醇度的整体印象。
酸度【Acidity】：所有生长在高原的咖啡所具有的酸辛强烈的特质。此处的酸辛与苦味、发酸(Sour)不同，与酸碱值也无关，它是指促使咖啡发挥提振心神、涤清味觉等功能的一种清新、活泼的特质。
咖啡的酸度不是酸碱度中的酸性或酸臭味，也不是进入胃里让人不舒服的酸。在冲调咖啡时，酸度的表现是很重要的，在良好的条件及技巧下，可发展出酸度清爽的特殊口味，是高级咖啡必备的条件。
咖啡的酸味是形容一种活泼、明亮的风味表现，这个词有点类似於葡萄酒品评中的形容方式。假若咖啡豆缺乏了酸度，就等於失去了生命力，尝起来空洞乏味、毫无层次深度。酸度有许多不同的特征，像来自叶门与肯亚的咖啡豆，其酸度特征就有着袭人的果香味以及类似红酒般的质感。
醇度【Body】：饮用咖啡后，舌头留有的口感。醇度的变化可分为清淡到如水到淡薄、中等、高等、脂状，甚至默写印尼的咖啡如糖浆般浓稠。
气味【Aroma】：咖啡调配完成后所散发出来的气息与香味。用来形容气味的词包括焦糖味、碳烤味、巧克力味、果香味、草味、麦芽味，等等。
苦味【Bitter】：苦是一种基本的味觉，感觉区分布在舌根部分。深度烘焙的苦味是刻意营造出来的，但常见的苦味发生原因，是咖啡粉用量过多，而水太少。
清淡【Bland】：生长在低地的咖啡，口感通常相当清淡、无味。咖啡粉分量不足、而水太多的咖啡，也会造成同样的清淡效果。
咸味【Briny】：咖啡冲泡后，若是加热过度，将会产生一种含盐的味道。
泥土的芳香【Earthy】：通常用来形容辛香而具有泥土气息的印尼咖啡，并非指咖啡豆沾上泥土的味道。
独特性【Exotic】：形容咖啡具有独树一帜的芳香与特殊气息，如花卉、水果、香料般的甜美特质。东非与印尼所产的咖啡，
通常具有这种特性。
芳醇【Mellow】：用来形容中酸度平衡性佳的咖啡。
温和【Mild】：用来形容某种咖啡具有调和、细致的风味，用来指除巴西以外的所有高原咖啡。
柔润【Soft】：形容像印尼咖啡这样的低酸度咖啡，亦形容为芳醇或香甜。
发酸【Sour】：一种感觉区主要位于舌头后侧的味觉，是浅度烘焙咖啡的特点。
辛香【Spicy】：指一种令人联想到某种特定香料的风味或气味。
浓烈【Strong】：就技术上而言，形容的是各种味觉优缺点的多寡，或指特定的调理成品中，咖啡与水的相对比例。就通俗的
用法而言，形容的是深度烘焙咖啡强烈的风味。
香甜【Sweet】：本质上像是水果味，与酒味也有关。
狂野【Wild】：形容咖啡具有极端的口味特性。
葡萄酒味【Winy】：水果般的酸度与滑润的醇度，所营造出来的对比特殊风味。肯亚咖啡便是含有葡萄酒风味的最佳典范。
另：咖啡豆只有经过烘焙才能变成供研磨和引用的咖啡豆，一般分为浅度、中度、深度和特深度烘焙。
[编辑本段]『咖啡的种类』
咖啡的种类多种多样，其中列举几种：
Espresso(single shot):
传统的Espresso咖啡，味道香浓的同时也奇苦无比，不过许多人正是因为这双重味道迷倒而爱上它。喝的时候，将一下口咖啡含在口中，让它的香气尽情散发，再细细品味。
Espresso(double shot):
与上一种咖啡做法一样，但咖啡豆用量加倍，味道自然更浓郁也更苦，神经敏感者慎喝。
Cappuccino（卡布奇诺）：
用1/3的Espresso咖啡加1/3的淡奶，再将1/3鲜牛奶用机器打成泡沫，最后在杯口洒上一层肉桂粉，高手通常可将肉桂粉做成各种形状。
Americano：
一份或双份的高级Espresso，加入大量热水稀释成综合咖啡。
Latte：
在一份或双份Espresso中加入热牛奶，再根据个人口味加入不同分量的糖浆，是最受人欢迎的咖啡，类似于雀巢的1+2。
Breve：
做法与Latte基本相同，只不过用热鲜奶油代替鲜牛奶。
Mocha：
在Espresso中加入热牛奶和巧克力粉，搅拌均匀后在咖啡上挤上一层奶油，在淋上巧克力酱，是一种外观上最赏心悦目的咖啡。
Granita：
这是夏天最受欢迎的饮品，在Espresso中加入鲜牛奶、可可、糖，再与雪泥结合，还可以根据个人口味加上果汁。
Triple grandebreve
[编辑本段]咖啡的包装
为了方便消费者，咖啡厂商在实践中形成一套约定俗成的包装识别：红色包装的咖啡，味道一般比较厚重，可以让饮用者迅速从昨夜的好梦里清醒过来；黑色包装的咖啡，属于高品质的小果咖啡；金色象征富贵，表明是咖啡中的极品；假如有人到了夜晚还忍不住大喝咖啡，那么请选用蓝色包装，里面肯定是“不含咖啡因”的咖啡。此外，包装颜色花哨的咖啡，往往口味独特，喜欢猎奇的人可以试一试。
[编辑本段]咖啡的饮用规矩
1.怎样拿咖啡杯？
在餐后饮用的咖啡，一般都是用袖珍型的杯子盛出。这种杯子的杯耳较小，手指无法穿出去。但即使用较大的杯子，也不要用手指穿过杯耳再端杯子。咖啡杯的正确拿法，应是拇指和食指捏住杯把儿再将杯子端起。
2.怎样给咖啡加糖？
给咖啡加糖时，砂糖可用咖啡匙舀取，直接加入杯内；也可先用糖夹子把方糖夹在咖啡碟的近身一侧，再用咖啡匙把方糖加在杯子里。如果直接用糖夹子或手把方糖放入杯内，有时可能会使咖啡溅出，从而弄脏衣服或台布。
3.怎样用咖啡匙？
咖啡匙是专门用来搅咖啡的，饮用咖啡时应当把它取出来。不要用咖啡匙舀着咖啡一匙一匙地慢慢喝，也不要用咖啡匙来捣碎杯中的方糖。
4.咖啡太热怎么办？
刚刚煮好的咖啡太热，可以用咖啡匙在杯中轻轻搅拌使之冷却，或者等待其自然冷却，然后再饮用。用嘴试图去把咖啡吹凉，是很不文雅的动作。
5.杯碟的使用？
盛放咖啡的杯碟都是特制的。它们应当放在饮用者的正面或者右侧，杯耳应指向右方。饮咖啡时，可以用右手拿着咖啡的杯耳，左手轻轻托着咖啡碟，慢慢地移向嘴边轻啜。不宜满把握杯、大口吞咽，也不宜俯首去就咖啡杯。喝咖啡时，不要发出声响。添加咖啡时，不要把咖啡杯从咖啡碟中拿起来。
6.喝咖啡与用点心
有时饮咖啡可以吃一些点心，但不要一手端着咖啡杯，一手拿着点心，吃一口喝一口地交替进行。饮咖啡时应当放下点心，吃点心时则放下咖啡杯
7.如何品咖啡
[1]咖啡的味道有浓淡之分，所以，不能像喝茶或可乐一样，连续喝三、四杯，而以正式的咖啡杯的份量最刚好。普通喝咖啡以80-100cc为适量，有时候若想连续喝三、四杯，这时就要将咖啡的浓度冲淡，或加入大量的牛奶，不过仍然要考虑到生理上需求的程度，来加减咖啡的浓度，也就是不要造成腻或恶心的感觉，而在糖份的调配上也不妨多些变化，使咖啡更具美味。趁热喝是品美味咖啡的必要条件，即使是在夏季的大热天中饮热咖啡，也是一样的。
8.喝咖啡时：
1.先喝一口冷水，让您的口腔完成清洁。
2.喝咖啡请趁热，因为咖啡中的单宁酸很容易在冷却的过程中起变化，使口味变酸，影响咖啡的风味。
3.喝一口“黑咖啡”，你所喝的每一杯咖啡都是经过五年生长才能够开花结果的，经过了采收、烘焙等等繁复程序，再加上煮咖啡的人悉心调制而成。所以，先趁热喝一口不加糖与奶精的“黑咖啡”，感受一下咖啡在未施脂粉前的风味。然后加入适量的糖，再喝一口，最后再加入奶精。别忘了先尝一口纯咖啡哦！
4.正式开始喝咖啡之前，先喝一口冰水，冰水能帮助咖啡味道鲜明地浮现出来，让舌头上的每一颗味蕾都充分做好感受咖啡美味的准备。
5.适量的饮用，咖啡中含有咖啡因，所以要适量的喝哦！
依照上述的过程享受一杯好咖啡，不仅能体会咖啡不同层次的口感，而且更有助于提升鉴赏咖啡的能力。
切忌空腹喝咖啡
医生提醒市民，切忌在空腹时喝咖啡，因为咖啡会刺激胃酸分泌，尤其是有胃溃疡的人更应谨慎。咖啡作为一种饮品，饮用时，要根据个体情况适可而止，总的来说在营养学中还是强调均衡饮食而少用辛辣刺激食物。
此外，值得注意的是，高血压患者应避免在工作压力大的时候喝含咖啡因的饮料。因为咖啡中的咖啡因可能导致血压上升，若再加上情绪紧张，就会产生危险的相乘效果.
[编辑本段]小粒咖啡
【学名】
小粒种为Coffea arabica L.，中粒种为Coffea canephora，大粒种为Coffea liberica
科属：茜草科咖啡属
【别名】
小粒种又称阿拉伯种，中粒种又称甘弗拉种，大粒种又称利比里亚种
常见的主要有2种：Arabica 和Robusta。
咖啡含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、蔗糖以及淀粉、咖啡因等物质，制成饮料后香气浓郁、滋味可口、营养丰富，因而成了和茶叶、可可组成的世界三大饮料，并雄居榜首。云南咖啡属阿拉伯原种的变异种，经过长期的栽培驯化而成，一般称为云南小粒种咖啡，已有一百多年的栽培历史。
形态特征：小乔木或大灌木，株高5～8米。基部通常多分枝，老枝灰白色。节膨大，幼枝无毛。叶薄革质卵状披针形或披针形，顶端长渐尖，基部楔形或微钝，全缘或呈浅波形，两面无毛。聚伞花序数个簇生于叶腋内，花冠白色，芳香。浆果成熟时阔椭圆形，红色，长1.2～1.6厘米，种子长0.8～1.0厘米。花期3～4月。
产地及分布：原产于埃塞俄比亚或阿拉伯半岛。福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州和云南等地有栽培。
小粒咖啡[2]冲煮全攻略之虹吸壶
特点：煮出的咖啡香度好、醇度高。
对应的咖啡豆：非重度烘焙的单品咖啡豆和综合咖啡豆，例如：蓝山、哥伦比亚、巴西等.
Coffee is a brewed beverage prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of "coffee cherries" that grow on trees in over 70 countries. It has been said that green coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world behind crude oil.[1] Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans. Today, coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide.[2]
It is thought that the energizing effect of the coffee bean plant was first recognized in the south west of Ethiopia, and the cultivation of coffee expanded in the Arab world.[3] The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the fifteenth century, in the Sufi monasteries of the Yemen in southern Arabia.[3] From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas.[4]
Coffee berries, which contain the coffee bean, are produced by several species of small evergreen bush of the genus Coffea. The two most commonly grown species are Coffea canephora (also known as Coffea robusta) and Coffea arabica; less popular species are liberica, excelsa, stenophylla, mauritiana, racemosa. These are cultivated primarily in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. The seeds are then roasted, undergoing several physical and chemical changes. They are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavour. They are then ground and brewed to create coffee. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways.
Coffee has played an important role in many societies throughout history. In Africa and Yemen, it was used in religious ceremonies. As a result, the Ethiopian Church banned its secular consumption until the reign of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia.[5] It was banned in Ottoman Turkey in the 17th century for political reasons,[6] and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe.
Coffee is an important export commodity. In 2004, coffee was the top agricultural export for 12 countries,[7] and in 2005, it was the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value.[8]
Some controversy is associated with coffee cultivation and its impact on the environment. Many studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and certain medical conditions; whether the overall effects of coffee are positive or negative is still disputed
The history of coffee has been recorded as far back as the ninth century.[1] At first, coffee remained largely confined to Ethiopia, where its native beans were first cultivated by Ethiopian highlanders. However, the Arab world began expanding its trade horizons, and the beans moved into Yemen, where until ca 1700 the major emporium was Mocha, and thence to North Africa and were mass-cultivated. From there, the beans entered the Indian and European markets, and the popularity of the beverage spread.
有可稀我英文不好
说不出来
Coffee is a brewed beverage prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of "coffee cherries" that grow on trees in over 70 countries. It has been said that green coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world behind crude oil.Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans. Today, coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide.
It is thought that the energizing effect of the coffee bean plant was first recognized in the south west of Ethiopia, and the cultivation of coffee expanded in the Arab world.The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the fifteenth century, in the Sufi monasteries of the Yemen in southern Arabia. From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas.
Coffee berries, which contain the coffee bean, are produced by several species of small evergreen bush of the genus Coffea. The two most commonly grown species are Coffea canephora (also known as Coffea robusta) and Coffea arabica; less popular species are liberica, excelsa, stenophylla, mauritiana, racemosa. These are cultivated primarily in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. The seeds are then roasted, undergoing several physical and chemical changes. They are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavour. They are then ground and brewed to create coffee. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways.
Coffee has played an important role in many societies throughout history. In Africa and Yemen, it was used in religious ceremonies. As a result, the Ethiopian Church banned its secular consumption until the reign of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia.It was banned in Ottoman Turkey in the 17th century for political reasons,and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe.
Coffee is an important export commodity. In 2004, coffee was the top agricultural export for 12 countries, and in 2005, it was the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value.
Some controversy is associated with coffee cultivation and its impact on the environment. Many studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and certain medical conditions; whether the overall effects of coffee are positive or negative is still disputed.
The term coffee was introduced to Europe by the Ottoman Turkish kahve, which is, in turn, derived from the Arabic: ?????, qahweh.The origin of the Arabic term is derived either from the name of the Kaffa region in western Ethiopia, where coffee was cultivated, or by a truncation of qahwat al-būnn, meaning "wine of the bean" in Arabic. The English word coffee first came to be used in the early to mid-1600s, but early forms of the word date to the last decade of the 1500s. In Ethiopia's neighbor Eritrea, "būnn" (also meaning "wine of the bean" in Tigrinya) is used. The Amharic and Afan Oromo name for coffee is bunna.
品种
Americano: A single shot of espresso with about 7 ounces of hot water added to the mix. The name for this coffee drink stemmed from an insult to ‘uncouth’ Americans who weren’t up to drinking full espressos.
A Shot in the Dark: See ‘Hammerhead’.
Black coffee: A drip brew, percolated or French press style coffee served straight, with no milk.
Cafe au Lait: Similar to Caffe Latte, except that an au lait is made with brewed coffee instead of espresso. Additionally, the ratio of milk to coffee is 1:1, making for a much less intense taste.
Cafe Breva: A cappuccino made with half and half milk, instead of whole milk. The theory is that the mix gives a richer, creamier flavor. You should be aware, before trying this for yourself, that half and half is much harder to foam.
Caffe Latte: Essentially, a single shot of espresso in steamed (not frothed) milk. The ratio of milk to coffee should be about 3:1, but you should be aware that latte in Italian means ‘milk’, so be careful ordering one when in Rome.
Cafe Macchiato: A shot of espresso with steamed milk added. The ratio of coffee to milk is approximately 4:1.
Cappuccino: Usually equal parts espresso, steamed milk, and frothed milk, often with cinnamon or flaked chocolate sprinkled on top. Some coffee shops will add more milk than that so that the customer will get a bigger drink out of the deal, but that makes the coffee itself far weaker. Click here for how to make Cappuccino
Double, or Double Shot: Just as it sounds, this is two shots of espresso mixed in with the regular amount of additional ingredients. So, for example, if you were going to make a double hammerhead, you would put two shots of espresso into a coffee cup, and fill it with the drip blend, rather than the usual single espresso shot.
Dry Cappuccino: A regular cappuccino, only with a smaller amount of foam, and no steamed milk at all.
Espresso Con Panna: Your basic standard espresso with a shot of whipped cream on top.
Flavored coffee: A very much ethnic tradition, syrups, flavorings, and/or spices are added to give the coffee a tinge of something else. Chocolate is the most common additive, either sprinkled on top or added in syrup form, while other favorites include cinnamon, nutmeg, and Italian syrups.
Frappe: A big favorite in parts of Europe and Latin America, especially during the summer months. Originally a cold espresso, it has more recently been prepared putting 1-2 teaspoons of instant coffee with sugar, water and ice. The brew is placed in a long glass with ice, and milk if you like, turning it into a big coffee milkshake.
Greek Coffee: See Turkish Coffee.
Hammerhead: A real caffeine fix, this drink consists of a shot of espresso in a regular-sized coffee cup, which is then filled with drip coffee. Also known as a Shot in the Dark, although many cafes rename the drink further to suit their own needs.
Iced coffee: A regular coffee served with ice, and sometimes milk and sugar.
Indian (Madras) filter coffee: A common brew in the south of India, Indian filter coffee is made from rough ground, dark-roasted coffee Arabica or Peaberry beans. It’s drip-brewed for several hours in a traditional metal coffee filter before being served. The ratio of coffee to milk is usually 3:1.
Instant coffee (or soluble coffee): These grounds have usually been freeze-dried and turned into soluble powder or coffee granules. Basically, instant coffee is for those that prefer speed and convenience over quality. Though some prefer instant coffee to the real thing, there’s just no accounting for taste.
Irish coffee: A coffee spiked with Irish whiskey, with cream on top. An alcoholic beverage that’s best kept clear of the kids, but warms you up plenty on a cold winter night.
Kopi Tubruk: An Indonesian-style coffee that is very similar to Turkish and Greek in that it’s very thick, but the coarse coffee grounds are actually boiled together with a solid piece of sugar. The islands of Java and Bali tend to drink this brew.
Lungo: One for the aficionados, this is an extra long pull that allows somewhere around twice as much water as normal to pass through the coffee grounds usually used for a single shot of espresso. In technical terms, it’s a 2-3 ounce shot.
Macchiato: (See Cafe Macchiato)
Melya: A coffee mixed with 1 teaspoon of unsweetened powdered cocoa and drizzled honey. Sometimes served with cream.
Mocha: This popular drink is basically a Cappuccino or Latte with chocolate syrup added to the mix. Sweeter, not as intense in coffee flavor, and a good ‘gateway’ coffee for those who don’t usually do the caffeine thing.
Oliang/Oleng: A stronger version of Thai coffee, Oliang is a blend of coffee and other ingredients such as corn, soy beans, and sesame seeds. Traditionally brewed with a “tung tom kah fe”, or a metal ring with a handle and a muslin-like cloth bag attached.
Ristretto: The opposite of a Lungo, the name of this variety of coffee means ‘restricted’, which means less water is pushed through the coffee grounds than normal, even though the shot would take the same amount of time as normal for the coffee maker to pull. If you want to get technical, it’s about a 0.75 ounce pull.
Soluble Coffee: See Instant Coffee.
Turkish Coffee (also known as Greek Coffee): Made by boiling finely ground coffee and water together to form a muddy, thick coffee mix. In fact, the strongest Turkish coffee can almost keep a spoon standing upright. It’s often made in what’s known as an Ibrik, a long-handled, open, brass or copper pot. It is then poured, unfiltered, into tiny Demitasse cups, with the fine grounds included. It’s then left to settle for a while before serving, with sugar and spices often added to the cup.
Vietnamese style coffee: A drink made by dripping hot water though a metal mesh, with the intense brew then poured over ice and sweetened, condensed milk. This process uses a lot more coffee grounds and is thus a lot slower than most kinds of brewing.
White coffee: A black coffee with milk added.
希望对你有用哦32313133353236313431303231363533e59b9ee7ad9431333239303934,O(∩_∩)O~
咖啡的历史
“咖啡”(Coffee)(一词源自埃塞俄比亚的一个名叫卡法（kaffa)的小镇,而在希腊语中“Kaweh”，意思是“力量与热情”。茶叶与咖啡、可可并称为世界三大饮料。咖啡树是属茜草科常绿小乔木，日常饮用的咖啡是用咖啡豆配合各种不同的烹煮器具制作出来的，而咖啡豆就是指咖啡树果实内之果仁，再用适当的烘焙方法烘焙而成。
古代中国有神农氏尝百草，并一一加以记录整理，使后人对许多植物能有系统的认识。西方世界没有神农氏这样的人，更没有留下什么有文字的记录，因此关于咖啡的起源有种种不同的传说。其中，最普遍且为大众所乐道的是牧羊人的故事。传说有一位牧羊人，在牧羊的时候，偶然发现他的羊蹦蹦跳跳手舞足蹈，仔细一看，原来羊是吃了一种红色的果子才导致举止滑稽怪异。他试着采了一些这种红果子回去熬煮，没想到满室芳香，熬成的汁液喝下以后更是精神振奋，神清气爽，从此，这种果实就被作为一种提神醒脑的饮料，且颇受好评。
古时候的阿拉伯人最早把咖啡豆晒干熬煮后，把汁液当作胃药来喝，认为可以有助消化。后来发现咖啡还有提神醒脑的作用，同时由于回教严禁教徒饮酒，因而就用咖啡取代酒精饮料，作为提神的饮料而时常饮用。十五世纪以后，到圣地麦加朝圣的回教徒陆续将咖啡带回居住地，使咖啡渐渐流传到埃及、叙利亚、伊朗和土尔其等国。咖啡进入欧陆当归因于土耳其当时的鄂图曼帝国，由于嗜饮咖啡的鄂图曼大军西征欧陆且在当地驻扎数年之久，在大军最后撤离时，留下了包括咖啡豆在内的大批补给品，维也纳和巴黎的人们得以凭着这些咖啡豆，和由土耳其人那里得到的烹制经验，而发展出欧洲的咖啡文化。战争原是攻占和毁灭，却意外地带来了文化的交流乃至融合，这可是统治者们所始料未及的了。
西方人都熟知咖啡有三百年的历史，然而在东方，咖啡在更久远前的年代已作为一种饮料在社会各阶层普及。咖啡出现的最早且最确切的时间是公元前8世纪，但是早在荷马的作品（希腊诗人，生卒年有争论，一较权威说法是生于公元前744年---译者注）和许多古老的阿拉伯传奇里，就已记述了一种神奇的，色黑，味苦涩，且具有强烈刺激力量的饮料。公元10世纪前后，阿维森纳（Avicenna, 980-1037，古代伊斯兰世界最杰出的集大成者之一，是哲学家，医生，理论家等---译者注）在用咖啡当作药物治疗疾病。还有一个源自15世纪的奇特故事，传说一个也门牧羊人看见一群山羊从一丛灌木上衔落色泽微红的浆果，很快这些山羊变得焦躁不安，兴奋不已，这个牧羊人把这件事报告给了一位修道士（在中东和西方古时修道士是掌握知识的上层阶级---译者注）， 这位修道士将一些浆果煮熟，然后提炼出一种味苦，劲足的，能驱赶困倦和睡意的饮料。
虽然咖啡是在中东被发现，但是咖啡树最早源于非洲一个现属埃塞俄比亚的地区，叫Kaffa， 从这里咖啡传向也门，阿拉伯半岛和埃及，正是在埃及，咖啡的发展异常迅猛，并很快流行进入人们的日常生活。
到16世纪时，早期的商人已在欧洲贩卖咖啡，由此将咖啡作为一种新型饮料引进西方的风俗和生活。绝大部分出口到欧洲市场的咖啡来自亚历山大港和士麦那（土耳其西部港市---译者注），但是随着市场需求的日益增长，进出口港口强加的高额关税，以及人们对咖啡树种植领域知识的增强，使得经销商和科学家开始试验把咖啡移植到其他国家。荷兰人在他们的海外殖民地（巴达维亚和爪哇，〈巴达维亚即现印尼首都雅加达的旧称---译者注〉），法国人1723年在马提尼克岛（位于拉丁美洲），以及随后又在安的列斯群岛（位于西印度群岛---译者注）都移植了咖啡树；后来英国人，西班牙人和葡萄牙人开始侵占亚洲和美洲热带咖啡种植区。
1727年巴西北部开始了咖啡种植，然而糟糕的气候条件使得这种作物种植逐渐转移到了其他区域，最初是里约热内卢，最后到了圣保罗和米纳斯洲（大约1800-1850期间），在这里咖啡找到了它最理想的生长环境。咖啡种植在这里发展壮大，直到成为巴西最重要的经济来源。
正是在1740到1850期间咖啡种植在中南美洲达到了它的普及之最。
虽然咖啡诞生于非洲，但是种植和家庭消费却相对来说是近代才引进的。实际上，正是欧洲人让咖啡重返故地，将其引进他们的殖民地，在那里，由于有利的土地和气候条件，咖啡才得以兴旺繁荣。
[编辑本段]咖啡的主要成分
咖啡因：有特别强烈的苦味，刺激中枢神经系统、心脏和呼吸系统。适量的咖啡因亦可减轻肌肉疲劳，促进消化液分泌。由于它会促进肾脏机能，有利尿作用，帮助体内将多余的钠离子排出体外。但摄取过多会导致咖啡因中毒。
丹宁酸：煮沸后的丹宁酸会分解成焦梧酸，所以冲泡过久的咖啡味道会变差。
脂肪：其中最主要的是酸性脂肪及挥发性脂肪。
酸性脂肪：即脂肪中含有酸，其强弱会因咖啡种类不同而异。
挥发性脂肪：是咖啡香气主要来源，它是一种会散发出约四十种芳香物质。
蛋白质：卡路里的主要来源，所占比例并不高。咖啡末的蛋白质在煮咖啡时，多半不会溶出来，所以摄取到的有限。
糖：咖啡生豆所含的糖分约8%，经过烘焙后大部分糖分会转化成焦糖，使咖啡形成褐色，并与丹宁酸互相结合产生甜味。
纤维：生豆的纤维烘焙后会炭化，与焦糖互相结合便形成咖啡的色调。
矿物质：含有少量石灰、铁质、磷、碳酸钠等。
咖啡营养成分表
每100克咖啡豆中含水分2.2克、蛋白质12.6克、脂肪 16克、糖类46.7克、纤维素9克、灰分4.2克、钙120毫克、磷170毫克、铁42毫克、钠3毫克、维生素B2 0.12克、烟酸3.5毫克、咖啡因1.3 克、单宁 8 克。而每 100 克咖啡浸出液含水分 99.5 克、蛋白质 0.2 克、脂肪0.1克、灰分0.1克、糖类微量、钙3 毫克、磷 4 毫克、钠 2 毫克、维生素 B2 0.01 毫克、烟酸 0.3 毫克。把10克咖啡溶于热水中、咖啡因含量为0.04克、单宁含量为 0.06 克。
[编辑本段]品种
蓝 山
蓝山咖啡是较受一般大众欢迎的咖啡，产于中美洲牙买加、西印度群岛，拥有香醇、苦中略带甘甜、柔润顺口的特性，而且稍微带有酸味，能让味觉感官更为灵敏，品尝出其独特的滋味，是为咖啡之极品。
曼 特 宁
盛产於印尼的苏门达腊，当地的特殊地质与气候培养出独有的特性，具有相当浓郁厚实的香醇风味，并且带有较为明显的苦味与碳烧味，苦、甘味更是特佳，风韵独具。
摩 卡
摩卡咖啡产於伊索比亚，此品种的豆子较小而香气甚浓，拥有独特的酸味和柑橘的清香气息，更为芳香迷人，而且甘醇中带有令人陶醉的丰润余味，独特的香气以及柔和的酸、甘味。
巴 西
从盛产咖啡豆的巴西精选的极品，口感中带有较浓的酸味，配合咖啡的甘苦味，入口极为滑顺，而且又带有淡淡的青草芳香，在清香略带苦味，甘滑顺口，余味能令人舒活畅快。
山多士
属于巴西咖啡中的极品，以巴西山圣保罗州多士港口命名的咖啡，其咖啡豆粒大，香味高，有适度的苦味，亦有高品质的酸度，总体口感柔和，淡美和地酸度，若仔细品尝回味无穷。
肯 亚
是出自於品质较高的阿拉比卡种，而阿拉比卡也是台湾咖啡的种类之一，味道更为香醇浓烈而厚实，并且带有较为明显的酸味，抓住许多喜爱这种特性的咖啡迷，也是德国人的最爱。
阴 干
它与一般咖啡不同的是阴干在水洗后，是采用自然烘乾法，在自然的状态下烘乾6个月，之后再经过一些手续，与一般咖啡豆的处理方式不同，而阴干属於中焙程度的豆子，它所含有的咖啡因少 。
那 加 雪 飞
是属於顶级摩卡，而名字是用英文直接译成。
牙 买 加
是蓝山中较高级的豆子。
曼 巴
结合曼特宁及巴西咖啡特有的风味，味道丰厚浓郁，而且还有淡淡的清香，曼特宁与巴西的组合，两者互相柔和在一起，是个不错的组合。
曼 蓝
是由曼特宁和蓝山大多以1：1的比例混合而成，当曼特宁的苦味遇上了蓝山的微酸，两者相互中和，香味更是香醇。
拿 铁
意大利浓缩咖啡加入高浓度的热牛奶与泡沫鲜奶，保留淡淡的咖啡香气与甘味，散发浓郁迷人的鲜奶香，入口滑润而顺畅，是许多女生的最爱。
意式卡布其诺
将浓醇的意大利浓缩咖啡混合细致香鲜的泡沫鲜奶与香滑可口的巧克力粉，充分调和的柔顺口感与迷人的香气，加上优雅的卡布奇诺咖啡装饰，突显个人品味。
摩卡
巧克力咖啡意大利浓缩咖啡加入巧克力、泡沫鲜奶、糖浆、可可粉，浓郁的
咖啡及巧克力香气扑鼻，而且甜味与咖啡中和，顺口而不腻，是适合大众的口味。
爱尔兰咖啡
把风味独到的特制 Espresso 佐以威士忌、糖和鲜奶油，让Espresso的香浓被威士忌提升得更为明显，并与鲜奶油调和出香滑顺口、甘苦适中的滋味。
玛琪雅朵
在意大利浓缩咖啡中，不加鲜奶油、牛奶，只要在咖啡上添加两大匙绵密细软的奶泡，如此就是一杯玛琪雅朵。
康宝兰
属意大利式的维也纳咖啡。搅拌奶油既可以搅和在咖啡里，也可以当作小点心另外上，供宾客边吃边饮。后来，用加压方式煮咖啡后，便改称“搅拌奶油配浓咖啡”。
[编辑本段]饮用禁忌
1.铁剂不宜与茶、牛奶、咖啡同服。因牛奶含磷高，可影响铁的吸收。茶和咖啡中的鞣酸可使铁的吸收减少75%。宜用温开水送服。
2.茶叶和咖啡中的单宁酸，会让钙吸收降低。所以，喝茶和喝咖啡的时间，最好是选在两餐当中。
3.含咖啡因的饮料和食品，被孕妇大量饮用后，会出现恶心、呕吐、头痛、心跳加快等症状。咖啡因还会通过胎盘进入胎儿体内，影响胎儿发育。
4.不少医生认为,孕妇每天喝1~2杯(每杯6~8盎司)咖啡、茶或碳酸类饮料,不会对胎儿造成影响。但为慎重起见,孕妇最好禁用。咖啡因可导致流产率上升,所以应喝不含咖啡因的饮料。
5.想减肥的人不要多饮咖啡。常见的咖啡伴侣中含有较多的奶类、糖类和脂肪，咖啡本身可能刺激胃液分泌，增进食物消化和吸收，不但不能瘦腰，还会使人发胖。
6.儿童不宜喝咖啡。咖啡因可以兴奋儿童中枢神经系统,干扰儿童的记忆,造成儿童多动症。
7.浓茶、咖啡、含碳酸盐的饮料也是形成消化道溃疡病的危险因子。
8.紧张时添乱 咖啡因有助于提高警觉性、灵敏性、记忆力及集中力。但饮用超过比你平常所习惯饮用量的咖啡，就会产生类似食用相同剂量的兴奋剂，会造成神经过敏。对于倾向焦虑失调的人而言，咖啡因会导致手心冒汗、心悸、耳鸣这些症状更加恶化。
9.加剧高血压 咖啡因因为本身具有的止痛作用，常与其他简单的止痛剂合成复方，但是，长期大量服用，如果你本身已有高血压时，使用大量咖啡因只会使你的情况更为严重。因为光是咖啡因就能使血压上升，若再加上情绪紧张，就会产生危险性的相乘效果，因此，高血压的危险人群尤其应避免在工作压力大的时候喝含咖啡因的饮料。有些常年有喝咖啡习惯的人，以为他们对咖啡因的效果已经免疫，然而事实并非如此，一项研究显示，喝一杯咖啡后，血压升高的时间可长达12小时。
10.诱发骨质疏松 咖啡因本身具有很好的利尿效果，如果长期且大量喝咖啡，容易造成骨质流失，对骨量的保存会有不利的影响，对于妇女来说，可能会增加骨质疏松的威胁。但前提是，平时食物中本来就缺乏摄取足够的钙，或是不经常动的人，加上更年期后的女性，因缺少雌激素造成的钙质流失，以上这些情况再加上大量的咖啡因，才可能对骨造成威胁。如果能够按照合理的量来享受，你还是可以做到不因噎废食的。
[编辑本段]喝咖啡的好处
1.咖啡含有一定的营养成分。咖啡的烟碱酸含有维他命B，烘焙后的咖啡豆含量更高。并且有游离脂肪酸、咖啡因、单宁酸等。
2.咖啡对皮肤有益处。咖啡可以促进代谢机能，活络消化器官，对便秘有很大功效。使用咖啡粉洗澡是一种温热疗法，有减肥的作用。
3.咖啡有解酒的功能。酒后喝咖啡，将使由酒精转变而来的乙醛快速氧化，分解成水和二氧化碳而排出体外。
4.咖啡可以消除疲劳。要消除疲劳，必须补充营养、休息与睡眠、促进代谢功能，而咖啡则具有这些功能。
5.一日三杯咖啡可预防胆结石。对于含咖啡因的咖啡，能刺激胆囊收缩，并减少胆汁内容易形成胆结石的胆固醇，最新美国哈佛大学研究人员发现，每天喝两到三杯咖啡的男性，得胆结石的机率低于40%。
6.常喝咖啡可防止放射线伤害。放射线伤害尤其是电器的辐射已成为目前较突出的一种污染。印度笆巴原子研究人员在老鼠实验中得到这一结论，并表示可以应用到人类。
7.咖啡的保健医疗功能。咖啡具有抗氧化及护心、强筋骨、利腰膝、开胃促食、消脂消积、利窍除湿、活血化淤、息风止痉等作用。
8.咖啡对情绪的影响力。实验表明，一般人一天吸收300毫克（约3杯煮泡咖啡）的咖啡因，对一个人的机警和情绪会带来良好的影响。
[编辑本段]关于咖啡的常用词
风味【Flavor】：对香气、酸度、与醇度的整体印象。
酸度【Acidity】：所有生长在高原的咖啡所具有的酸辛强烈的特质。此处的酸辛与苦味、发酸(Sour)不同，与酸碱值也无关，它是指促使咖啡发挥提振心神、涤清味觉等功能的一种清新、活泼的特质。
咖啡的酸度不是酸碱度中的酸性或酸臭味，也不是进入胃里让人不舒服的酸。在冲调咖啡时，酸度的表现是很重要的，在良好的条件及技巧下，可发展出酸度清爽的特殊口味，是高级咖啡必备的条件。
咖啡的酸味是形容一种活泼、明亮的风味表现，这个词有点类似於葡萄酒品评中的形容方式。假若咖啡豆缺乏了酸度，就等於失去了生命力，尝起来空洞乏味、毫无层次深度。酸度有许多不同的特征，像来自叶门与肯亚的咖啡豆，其酸度特征就有着袭人的果香味以及类似红酒般的质感。
醇度【Body】：饮用咖啡后，舌头留有的口感。醇度的变化可分为清淡到如水到淡薄、中等、高等、脂状，甚至默写印尼的咖啡如糖浆般浓稠。
气味【Aroma】：咖啡调配完成后所散发出来的气息与香味。用来形容气味的词包括焦糖味、碳烤味、巧克力味、果香味、草味、麦芽味，等等。
苦味【Bitter】：苦是一种基本的味觉，感觉区分布在舌根部分。深度烘焙的苦味是刻意营造出来的，但常见的苦味发生原因，是咖啡粉用量过多，而水太少。
清淡【Bland】：生长在低地的咖啡，口感通常相当清淡、无味。咖啡粉分量不足、而水太多的咖啡，也会造成同样的清淡效果。
咸味【Briny】：咖啡冲泡后，若是加热过度，将会产生一种含盐的味道。
泥土的芳香【Earthy】：通常用来形容辛香而具有泥土气息的印尼咖啡，并非指咖啡豆沾上泥土的味道。
独特性【Exotic】：形容咖啡具有独树一帜的芳香与特殊气息，如花卉、水果、香料般的甜美特质。东非与印尼所产的咖啡，
通常具有这种特性。
芳醇【Mellow】：用来形容中酸度平衡性佳的咖啡。
温和【Mild】：用来形容某种咖啡具有调和、细致的风味，用来指除巴西以外的所有高原咖啡。
柔润【Soft】：形容像印尼咖啡这样的低酸度咖啡，亦形容为芳醇或香甜。
发酸【Sour】：一种感觉区主要位于舌头后侧的味觉，是浅度烘焙咖啡的特点。
辛香【Spicy】：指一种令人联想到某种特定香料的风味或气味。
浓烈【Strong】：就技术上而言，形容的是各种味觉优缺点的多寡，或指特定的调理成品中，咖啡与水的相对比例。就通俗的
用法而言，形容的是深度烘焙咖啡强烈的风味。
香甜【Sweet】：本质上像是水果味，与酒味也有关。
狂野【Wild】：形容咖啡具有极端的口味特性。
葡萄酒味【Winy】：水果般的酸度与滑润的醇度，所营造出来的对比特殊风味。肯亚咖啡便是含有葡萄酒风味的最佳典范。
另：咖啡豆只有经过烘焙才能变成供研磨和引用的咖啡豆，一般分为浅度、中度、深度和特深度烘焙。
[编辑本段]『咖啡的种类』
咖啡的种类多种多样，其中列举几种：
Espresso(single shot):
传统的Espresso咖啡，味道香浓的同时也奇苦无比，不过许多人正是因为这双重味道迷倒而爱上它。喝的时候，将一下口咖啡含在口中，让它的香气尽情散发，再细细品味。
Espresso(double shot):
与上一种咖啡做法一样，但咖啡豆用量加倍，味道自然更浓郁也更苦，神经敏感者慎喝。
Cappuccino（卡布奇诺）：
用1/3的Espresso咖啡加1/3的淡奶，再将1/3鲜牛奶用机器打成泡沫，最后在杯口洒上一层肉桂粉，高手通常可将肉桂粉做成各种形状。
Americano：
一份或双份的高级Espresso，加入大量热水稀释成综合咖啡。
Latte：
在一份或双份Espresso中加入热牛奶，再根据个人口味加入不同分量的糖浆，是最受人欢迎的咖啡，类似于雀巢的1+2。
Breve：
做法与Latte基本相同，只不过用热鲜奶油代替鲜牛奶。
Mocha：
在Espresso中加入热牛奶和巧克力粉，搅拌均匀后在咖啡上挤上一层奶油，在淋上巧克力酱，是一种外观上最赏心悦目的咖啡。
Granita：
这是夏天最受欢迎的饮品，在Espresso中加入鲜牛奶、可可、糖，再与雪泥结合，还可以根据个人口味加上果汁。
Triple grandebreve
[编辑本段]咖啡的包装
为了方便消费者，咖啡厂商在实践中形成一套约定俗成的包装识别：红色包装的咖啡，味道一般比较厚重，可以让饮用者迅速从昨夜的好梦里清醒过来；黑色包装的咖啡，属于高品质的小果咖啡；金色象征富贵，表明是咖啡中的极品；假如有人到了夜晚还忍不住大喝咖啡，那么请选用蓝色包装，里面肯定是“不含咖啡因”的咖啡。此外，包装颜色花哨的咖啡，往往口味独特，喜欢猎奇的人可以试一试。
[编辑本段]咖啡的饮用规矩
1.怎样拿咖啡杯？
在餐后饮用的咖啡，一般都是用袖珍型的杯子盛出。这种杯子的杯耳较小，手指无法穿出去。但即使用较大的杯子，也不要用手指穿过杯耳再端杯子。咖啡杯的正确拿法，应是拇指和食指捏住杯把儿再将杯子端起。
2.怎样给咖啡加糖？
给咖啡加糖时，砂糖可用咖啡匙舀取，直接加入杯内；也可先用糖夹子把方糖夹在咖啡碟的近身一侧，再用咖啡匙把方糖加在杯子里。如果直接用糖夹子或手把方糖放入杯内，有时可能会使咖啡溅出，从而弄脏衣服或台布。
3.怎样用咖啡匙？
咖啡匙是专门用来搅咖啡的，饮用咖啡时应当把它取出来。不要用咖啡匙舀着咖啡一匙一匙地慢慢喝，也不要用咖啡匙来捣碎杯中的方糖。
4.咖啡太热怎么办？
刚刚煮好的咖啡太热，可以用咖啡匙在杯中轻轻搅拌使之冷却，或者等待其自然冷却，然后再饮用。用嘴试图去把咖啡吹凉，是很不文雅的动作。
5.杯碟的使用？
盛放咖啡的杯碟都是特制的。它们应当放在饮用者的正面或者右侧，杯耳应指向右方。饮咖啡时，可以用右手拿着咖啡的杯耳，左手轻轻托着咖啡碟，慢慢地移向嘴边轻啜。不宜满把握杯、大口吞咽，也不宜俯首去就咖啡杯。喝咖啡时，不要发出声响。添加咖啡时，不要把咖啡杯从咖啡碟中拿起来。
6.喝咖啡与用点心
有时饮咖啡可以吃一些点心，但不要一手端着咖啡杯，一手拿着点心，吃一口喝一口地交替进行。饮咖啡时应当放下点心，吃点心时则放下咖啡杯
7.如何品咖啡
[1]咖啡的味道有浓淡之分，所以，不能像喝茶或可乐一样，连续喝三、四杯，而以正式的咖啡杯的份量最刚好。普通喝咖啡以80-100cc为适量，有时候若想连续喝三、四杯，这时就要将咖啡的浓度冲淡，或加入大量的牛奶，不过仍然要考虑到生理上需求的程度，来加减咖啡的浓度，也就是不要造成腻或恶心的感觉，而在糖份的调配上也不妨多些变化，使咖啡更具美味。趁热喝是品美味咖啡的必要条件，即使是在夏季的大热天中饮热咖啡，也是一样的。
8.喝咖啡时：
1.先喝一口冷水，让您的口腔完成清洁。
2.喝咖啡请趁热，因为咖啡中的单宁酸很容易在冷却的过程中起变化，使口味变酸，影响咖啡的风味。
3.喝一口“黑咖啡”，你所喝的每一杯咖啡都是经过五年生长才能够开花结果的，经过了采收、烘焙等等繁复程序，再加上煮咖啡的人悉心调制而成。所以，先趁热喝一口不加糖与奶精的“黑咖啡”，感受一下咖啡在未施脂粉前的风味。然后加入适量的糖，再喝一口，最后再加入奶精。别忘了先尝一口纯咖啡哦！
4.正式开始喝咖啡之前，先喝一口冰水，冰水能帮助咖啡味道鲜明地浮现出来，让舌头上的每一颗味蕾都充分做好感受咖啡美味的准备。
5.适量的饮用，咖啡中含有咖啡因，所以要适量的喝哦！
依照上述的过程享受一杯好咖啡，不仅能体会咖啡不同层次的口感，而且更有助于提升鉴赏咖啡的能力。
切忌空腹喝咖啡
医生提醒市民，切忌在空腹时喝咖啡，因为咖啡会刺激胃酸分泌，尤其是有胃溃疡的人更应谨慎。咖啡作为一种饮品，饮用时，要根据个体情况适可而止，总的来说在营养学中还是强调均衡饮食而少用辛辣刺激食物。
此外，值得注意的是，高血压患者应避免在工作压力大的时候喝含咖啡因的饮料。因为咖啡中的咖啡因可能导致血压上升，若再加上情绪紧张，就会产生危险的相乘效果.
[编辑本段]小粒咖啡
【学名】
小粒种为Coffea arabica L.，中粒种为Coffea canephora，大粒种为Coffea liberica
科属：茜草科咖啡属
【别名】
小粒种又称阿拉伯种，中粒种又称甘弗拉种，大粒种又称利比里亚种
常见的主要有2种：Arabica 和Robusta。
咖啡含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、蔗糖以及淀粉、咖啡因等物质，制成饮料后香气浓郁、滋味可口、营养丰富，因而成了和茶叶、可可组成的世界三大饮料，并雄居榜首。云南咖啡属阿拉伯原种的变异种，经过长期的栽培驯化而成，一般称为云南小粒种咖啡，已有一百多年的栽培历史。
形态特征：小乔木或大灌木，株高5～8米。基部通常多分枝，老枝灰白色。节膨大，幼枝无毛。叶薄革质卵状披针形或披针形，顶端长渐尖，基部楔形或微钝，全缘或呈浅波形，两面无毛。聚伞花序数个簇生于叶腋内，花冠白色，芳香。浆果成熟时阔椭圆形，红色，长1.2～1.6厘米，种子长0.8～1.0厘米。花期3～4月。
产地及分布：原产于埃塞俄比亚或阿拉伯半岛。福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州和云南等地有栽培。
小粒咖啡[2]冲煮全攻略之虹吸壶
特点：煮出的咖啡香度好、醇度高。
对应的咖啡豆：非重度烘焙的单品咖啡豆和综合咖啡豆，例如：蓝山、哥伦比亚、巴西等.
Coffee is a brewed beverage prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of "coffee cherries" that grow on trees in over 70 countries. It has been said that green coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world behind crude oil.[1] Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans. Today, coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide.[2]
It is thought that the energizing effect of the coffee bean plant was first recognized in the south west of Ethiopia, and the cultivation of coffee expanded in the Arab world.[3] The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the fifteenth century, in the Sufi monasteries of the Yemen in southern Arabia.[3] From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas.[4]
Coffee berries, which contain the coffee bean, are produced by several species of small evergreen bush of the genus Coffea. The two most commonly grown species are Coffea canephora (also known as Coffea robusta) and Coffea arabica; less popular species are liberica, excelsa, stenophylla, mauritiana, racemosa. These are cultivated primarily in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. The seeds are then roasted, undergoing several physical and chemical changes. They are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavour. They are then ground and brewed to create coffee. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways.
Coffee has played an important role in many societies throughout history. In Africa and Yemen, it was used in religious ceremonies. As a result, the Ethiopian Church banned its secular consumption until the reign of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia.[5] It was banned in Ottoman Turkey in the 17th century for political reasons,[6] and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe.
Coffee is an important export commodity. In 2004, coffee was the top agricultural export for 12 countries,[7] and in 2005, it was the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value.[8]
Some controversy is associated with coffee cultivation and its impact on the environment. Many studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and certain medical conditions; whether the overall effects of coffee are positive or negative is still disputed
The history of coffee has been recorded as far back as the ninth century.[1] At first, coffee remained largely confined to Ethiopia, where its native beans were first cultivated by Ethiopian highlanders. However, the Arab world began expanding its trade horizons, and the beans moved into Yemen, where until ca 1700 the major emporium was Mocha, and thence to North Africa and were mass-cultivated. From there, the beans entered the Indian and European markets, and the popularity of the beverage spread.
有可稀我英文不好
说不出来
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